Asteraceae: The sunflower family

Asteraceae, the sunflower family, is one of the easiest plant families to recognize. The inflorescence of Asteraceae is so distinctive that the family was recognized as a distinct group early on, and given a name, Compositae,

that was so universally recognized that when the structure of family names was first formalized (with the …aeae suffix), it was agreed the Compositae would continue to be an accepted name (conserved name) alongside Asteraceae.

The Asteraceae is one of the largest plant families (the largest dicot family, and second only to the Orchidaceae in flowering plants)

Distinctive features of Asteraceae

a. Inflorescence consists of several small flowers, called florets, that are crowded together, sessile, on a receptacle. This inflorescence is often mistaken for a single flower.

Compositae refers to the superficial resemblance of the head to a single, large flower. What looks like an ordinary flower is really a composite of small florets. b. The inflorescence is called a capitulum , or head.

DISC FLORETS : the central florets have a radially symmetrical, tubular corolla, with 5 short lobes. These florets are called disk florets . They form the central disk of the capitulum in typical daisies. Disk florets are often perfect flowers.

SUNFLOWER

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SUNFLOWER

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SUNFLOWER

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Ray florets - Surrounding the disk florets are sometimes an outer ring of ray florets . These have zygomorphic symmetry, and are usually either sterile or pistillate,.

SUNFLOWER

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SUNFLOWER

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SUNFLOWER

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SUNFLOWER

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FLORAL CHARACTER

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Calyx is usually represented by hairy structure called pappus or represented by minute scales. It is persistant & attached on fruit & helps in dispersal of fruits. B in Diagram - Pappus

FLORAL CHARACTER

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FLORAL CHARACTER

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Ray floret

disc florets

Ray florets

disc florets

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Economic Importance

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Chrysanthemum cinerariaefollum = Guldaudi - Pyrethrum- An Insecticide is obtained. (Ill) As ornamental plants :- • Helianthus annuus = Sunflower Chrysanthemum = Gul-Daudi Tagetes = Genda (Marigold)

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Parthenium hysterophorus or P. argentatum = Carrot grass or Congress grass -It's pollen grains cause skin allergy.

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Pink

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Asteraceae: The sunflower family