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| Category | Pinus | Cycas | MCQs | Correct Answer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Description | Pinus, commonly known as pine trees, are evergreen conifers found in many parts of the world. They are known for their needle-like leaves and produce cones as their reproductive structures. | Cycas are a genus of gymnosperms with palm-like leaves. They are ancient plants often found in tropical and subtropical regions. They have unbranched stems and large, pinnate leaves. |
1. What type of leaves do Pinus trees have?
a) Broad b) Needle-like c) Pinnate d) Scale-like 2. Where are Cycas plants commonly found?
a) Arctic regions b) Deserts c) Tropical and subtropical regions d) Grasslands |
b) Needle-like c) Tropical and subtropical regions |
| Roots | Pinus has deep tap roots that often form mycorrhizal associations with fungi to help absorb water and nutrients from the soil. | Cycas has specialized roots called coralloid roots that contain cyanobacteria, which help fix nitrogen, benefiting the plant. |
1. What special association do Pinus roots form?
a) With algae b) With fungi c) With bacteria d) With insects 2. What is unique about Cycas roots?
a) They store water b) They are aerial roots c) They contain cyanobacteria d) They are fibrous |
b) With fungi c) They contain cyanobacteria |
| Stems | Pinus stems are typically branched, with branches covered in needle-like leaves. | Cycas stems are unbranched and stout, with a crown of large, pinnate leaves at the top. |
1. How are Pinus stems usually characterized?
a) Unbranched b) Branched c) Hollow d) Twisted 2. What type of stems does Cycas have?
a) Branched b) Unbranched c) Climbing d) Twining |
b) Branched b) Unbranched |
| Leaves | Pinus leaves are needle-like, which helps reduce water loss and withstand cold climates. They have a thick cuticle and sunken stomata to further reduce water loss. | Cycas leaves are large, pinnate, and persist for several years. These leaves are adapted to survive in tropical climates. |
1. What is a characteristic of Pinus leaves?
a) Broad b) Needle-like c) Succulent d) Spiny 2. What type of leaves does Cycas have?
a) Needle-like b) Pinnate c) Broad d) Spiny |
b) Needle-like b) Pinnate |
| Reproduction | Pinus reproduces using cones. Male cones produce pollen, which is carried by the wind to female cones, where fertilization occurs, leading to seed formation. | Cycas also uses cones for reproduction, male have cone but female do not form cones, male and female sporophylls are borne on separate plants. Pollen from male cones fertilizes ovules in female sporophylls, resulting in seeds. |
1. How is pollen transferred in Pinus?
a) Water b) Wind c) Animals d) Self-pollination 2. Where are male cone and female Sporophylls found in Cycas?
a) On the same plant b) On separate plants c) On different branches d) On different species |
b) Wind b) On separate plants |
| Seed Development | In Pinus, seeds develop within the female cones and are exposed (not enclosed within a fruit). These seeds are often adapted for wind dispersal. | In Cycas, seeds develop on the female sporophylls and are large and fleshy. They are often adapted for animal dispersal. |
1. How are Pinus seeds typically dispersed?
a) Water b) Wind c) Animals d) Explosive mechanisms 2. What type of seeds does Cycas produce?
a) Small and dry b) Large and fleshy c) Winged d) Microscopic |
b) Wind b) Large and fleshy |
| Adaptations | Pinus trees have adaptations for cold and dry environments, such as needle-like leaves, thick bark, and deep roots. | Cycas plants have adaptations for tropical climates, such as large, leathery leaves, stout stems, and coralloid roots. |
1. What adaptation helps Pinus survive in cold environments?
a) Large leaves b) Thick bark c) Shallow roots d) High water content 2. What adaptation is found in Cycas for tropical climates?
a) Needle-like leaves b) Coralloid roots c) Thick bark d) Deep tap roots |
b) Thick bark b) Coralloid roots |
| Importance | Pinus is economically important for timber, paper, and resin production. They are also ecologically important for providing habitat and food for wildlife. | Cycas is valued in horticulture for its ornamental appearance. It also has cultural significance in some regions and is used in traditional medicine. |
1. What is a primary use of Pinus trees?
a) Food b) Medicine c) Timber d) Ornamental 2. What is a common use of Cycas plants?
a) Paper production b) Traditional medicine c) Resin extraction d) Fuel |
c) Timber b) Traditional medicine |