Prof. Siddharth Sanghvi – Page 10

The split-gene arrangements represent probably an ancientfeature of the genome. The presence of introns is reminiscent of antiquity,and the process of splicing represents the dominance of RNA-world. In recent times, the understanding of RNA and RNA-dependent processes in the living system have assumed more importance.

Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NCERT LINE BY LINE / Prof. Siddharth Sanghvi

Aspect Description Distinguishing RNA Subsets In early cells that lacked DNA, a crucial problem was differentiating between two types of RNAs: messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that code for proteins, and heritable genetic RNAs that propagate genetic information through generations. Role of Introns Scientists proposed that introns could serve as markers for these RNA subsets, directing them […]

The split-gene arrangements represent probably an ancientfeature of the genome. The presence of introns is reminiscent of antiquity,and the process of splicing represents the dominance of RNA-world. In recent times, the understanding of RNA and RNA-dependent processes in the living system have assumed more importance. Read More »

Uncategorized / Prof. Siddharth Sanghvi

MCQs: Causes of Biodiversity Loss MCQs: Causes of Biodiversity Loss Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions. The accelerated rate of species extinction is mainly due to human activities. Identify the four major causes known as “The Evil Quartet”. Question 1: Which is the MOST significant cause of animal and plant extinction? Forest

Uncategorized / Prof. Siddharth Sanghvi

The Wonder of Self-Consciousness: Why Humans Stand Apart The Wonder of Self-Consciousness: Why Humans Stand Apart Consciousness: Consciousness refers to the state of being aware of one’s surroundings, sensations, thoughts, and emotions. It is the fundamental aspect of being awake and responsive to external stimuli. Here’s an example: Imagine you’re walking through a forest. You’re

Uncategorized / Prof. Siddharth Sanghvi

Animal Kingdom Table Phylum/Class General Character Level of Organisation Symmetry Coelom Segmentation Development (Direct/Indirect) Organ Systems Fertilisation (Internal/External) Oviparous/Viviparous Examples Porifera Primitive multicellular animals with cellular level of organisation; asymmetrical; water transport system; reproduction by fragmentation and gametes Cellular Asymmetrical Acoelomate Absent Indirect Digestive, Respiratory, Reproductive Internal Hermaphrodite Sycon (Sponge), Spongilla (Freshwater sponge), Euspongia (Bath

Uncategorized / Prof. Siddharth Sanghvi

Colorful Table Feature/Characteristic Prokaryotic Cell Plant Cell Animal Cell Size 0.1 – 5 µm 10 – 100 µm 10 – 30 µm Shape Variable (cocci, bacilli, spirilla, vibrio) Variable (generally regular) Variable (generally irregular) Multiplication Rate Rapid Moderate Moderate Cell Wall Present (peptidoglycan) Present (cellulose) Absent Glycocalyx Present (slime layer or capsule) Absent Absent Gram

Algae are chlorophyll-bearing, simple, thalloid, autotrophic and largelyaquatic (both fresh water and marine) organisms. They occur in avariety of other habitats: moist stones, soils and wood. Some of them also occur in association with fungi (lichen) and animals (e.g., on sloth bear).

NCERT LINE BY LINE, Plant Kingdom, pre-class / Prof. Siddharth Sanghvi

Feature Description General Characteristics of Algae Common Name Algae Habitat Aquatic (freshwater and marine), moist stones, soils, wood, in association with fungi (lichen), on animals (e.g., sloth bear) Plant Kingdom Chlorophyll-bearing, simple, thalloid, autotrophic organisms Form and Size Highly variable, from colonial forms (Volvox) to filamentous forms (Ulothrix, Spirogyra), massive plant bodies (kelps) Vegetative Reproduction

Algae are chlorophyll-bearing, simple, thalloid, autotrophic and largelyaquatic (both fresh water and marine) organisms. They occur in avariety of other habitats: moist stones, soils and wood. Some of them also occur in association with fungi (lichen) and animals (e.g., on sloth bear). Read More »

NCERT-NEET-Bryophytes include the various mosses and liverworts that are found commonly growing in moist shaded areas in the hills

NCERT LINE BY LINE, Plant Kingdom, pre-class / Prof. Siddharth Sanghvi

Feature Description Common Name Bryophytes Habitat Moist, shaded areas, damp, humid localities, hills, stream banks, marshy ground, damp soil, tree bark Plant Kingdom Amphibians of the plant kingdom (live in soil, dependent on water for sexual reproduction) Role in Plant Succession Important in plant succession on bare rocks/soil Plant Body Thallus-like, prostrate or erect, attached

NCERT-NEET-Bryophytes include the various mosses and liverworts that are found commonly growing in moist shaded areas in the hills Read More »

NCERT-NEET-An intriguing question is that how is the RNA polymerases able to catalyse all the three steps, which are initiation, elongation and termination. The RNA polymerase is only capable of catalysing the process of elongation. It associates transiently with initiation-factor (σ)and termination-factor (ρ) to initiate and terminate the transcription, respectively. Association with these factors alter the specificity of theRNA polymerase to either initiate or terminate

Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NCERT LINE BY LINE / Prof. Siddharth Sanghvi

Feature Description Definition The process of copying genetic information from one strand of DNA into RNA. Principle of Complementarity Follows the principle of complementarity where adenosine pairs with uracil instead of thymine. Strands Involved Only one strand of the DNA (template strand) is copied into RNA. The other strand is the coding strand. Transcription Unit

NCERT-NEET-An intriguing question is that how is the RNA polymerases able to catalyse all the three steps, which are initiation, elongation and termination. The RNA polymerase is only capable of catalysing the process of elongation. It associates transiently with initiation-factor (σ)and termination-factor (ρ) to initiate and terminate the transcription, respectively. Association with these factors alter the specificity of theRNA polymerase to either initiate or terminate Read More »

NCERT-NEET-During the life cycle of any sexually reproducing plant, there is an alternation of generations between gamete producing haploid gametophyte and spore producing diploid sporophyte.

NCERT LINE BY LINE, Plant Kingdom, pre-class / Prof. Siddharth Sanghvi

Life Cycle Type Definition Mitosis and Meiosis Sporophyte Gametophyte Examples (Haplontic) Organism spends most of its life cycle in the haploid (n) stage. The only diploid (2n) stage is the zygote, which undergoes meiosis to produce haploid spores. Mitosis occurs in the haploid phase. Meiosis is zygotic, occurring in the diploid zygote to produce haploid

NCERT-NEET-During the life cycle of any sexually reproducing plant, there is an alternation of generations between gamete producing haploid gametophyte and spore producing diploid sporophyte. Read More »

NCERT-NEET-Bacteria are the sole members of the Kingdom Monera. They are the most abundant micro-organisms. Bacteria occur almost everywhere. Hundreds of bacteria are present in a handful of soil. They also live in extreme habitats such as hot springs, deserts, snow and deep oceans where very few other life forms can survive. Many of them live in or on other organisms as parasites

Biological Classification, NCERT LINE BY LINE, pre-class / Prof. Siddharth Sanghvi

Category Description General Characteristics Bacteria are the sole members of Kingdom Monera. They are the most abundant micro-organisms, found almost everywhere, including extreme habitats (hot springs, deserts, snow, deep oceans). Many are parasitic. Shapes of Bacteria – Coccus (pl. cocci): Spherical – Bacillus (pl. bacilli): Rod-shaped – Vibrio (pl. vibrios): Comma-shaped – Spirillum (pl. spirilla):

NCERT-NEET-Bacteria are the sole members of the Kingdom Monera. They are the most abundant micro-organisms. Bacteria occur almost everywhere. Hundreds of bacteria are present in a handful of soil. They also live in extreme habitats such as hot springs, deserts, snow and deep oceans where very few other life forms can survive. Many of them live in or on other organisms as parasites Read More »