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NEET-NCERT-In Linnaeus’ time a Two Kingdom system of classification with Plantae and Animalia kingdoms was developed that included all plants and animals respectively. This system did not distinguish between the eukaryotes and prokaryotes, unicellular and multicellular organisms and photosynthetic (green algae) and non-photosynthetic (fungi)organisms. Classification of organisms into plants and animals was easilydone and was easy to understand, but, a large number of organisms did not fall into either category. Hence the two kingdom classification used for a long time was found inadequate. Besides, gross morphology a need was also felt for including other characteristics

NEET-NCERT-In Linnaeus’ time a Two Kingdom system of classification with Plantae and Animalia kingdoms was developed that included all plants and animals respectively. This system did not distinguish between the eukaryotes and prokaryotes, unicellular and multicellular organisms and photosynthetic (green algae) and non-photosynthetic (fungi)organisms. Classification of organisms into plants and animals was easilydone and was easy to understand, but, a large number of organisms did not fall into either category. Hence the two kingdom classification used for a long time was found inadequate. Besides, gross morphology a need was also felt for including other characteristics

Biological Classification, free, NCERT LINE BY LINE, Plant Kingdom, pre-class /

Classification System Kingdoms Included Description Basis of Classification Very Early Classification – Non-scientific. Was done instinctively not using criteria that were scientific but borne out of a need to use organisms for our own use – for food, shelter and clothing. First Early Scientific Classification 1. Plantae2. Animalia Aristotle was the earliest to attempt a […]

NEET-NCERT-In Linnaeus’ time a Two Kingdom system of classification with Plantae and Animalia kingdoms was developed that included all plants and animals respectively. This system did not distinguish between the eukaryotes and prokaryotes, unicellular and multicellular organisms and photosynthetic (green algae) and non-photosynthetic (fungi)organisms. Classification of organisms into plants and animals was easilydone and was easy to understand, but, a large number of organisms did not fall into either category. Hence the two kingdom classification used for a long time was found inadequate. Besides, gross morphology a need was also felt for including other characteristics Read More »

NCERT-NEET-In the five kingdom classification of Whittaker there is no mention of lichens and some acellular organisms like viruses, viroids and prions. These are briefly introduced here.

NCERT-NEET-In the five kingdom classification of Whittaker there is no mention of lichens and some acellular organisms like viruses, viroids and prions. These are briefly introduced here.

Biological Classification, free, NCERT LINE BY LINE, pre-class /

Type Characteristics Viruses – Non-cellular organisms with inert crystalline structure outside the living cell. – Infect host cells and take over their machinery to replicate, killing the host. – Recognized by Dmitri Ivanowsky (1892) as causal organisms of tobacco mosaic disease. – Named “virus” by M.W. Beijerinek (1898). – W.M. Stanley (1935) showed viruses could

NCERT-NEET-In the five kingdom classification of Whittaker there is no mention of lichens and some acellular organisms like viruses, viroids and prions. These are briefly introduced here. Read More »

NCERT-NEET-The morphology of the mycelium, mode of spore formation and fruiting bodies form the basis for the division of the kingdom into various classes.

NCERT-NEET-The morphology of the mycelium, mode of spore formation and fruiting bodies form the basis for the division of the kingdom into various classes.

Biological Classification, free, NCERT LINE BY LINE, pre-class /

Fungal Classes Comparison Characters Phycomycetes Ascomycetes Basidiomycetes Deuteromycetes Habitat Aquatic habitats, decaying wood in moist and damp places, obligate parasites on plants. Saprophytic, decomposers, parasitic, coprophilous (growing on dung). Soil, logs, tree stumps, living plant bodies as parasites (rusts, smuts). Saprophytes, parasites, decomposers of litter, help in mineral cycling. Mycelium Aseptate and coenocytic. Branched and

NCERT-NEET-The morphology of the mycelium, mode of spore formation and fruiting bodies form the basis for the division of the kingdom into various classes. Read More »

The fungi constitute a unique kingdom of heterotrophic organisms. Theyshow a great diversity in morphology and habitat.

The fungi constitute a unique kingdom of heterotrophic organisms. Theyshow a great diversity in morphology and habitat.

Biological Classification, free /

Kingdom Fungi Aspect Details Introduction The fungi constitute a unique kingdom of heterotrophic organisms showing great diversity in morphology and habitat. Common Examples Fungi on moist bread and rotten fruits, mushrooms, toadstools, parasitic fungus on mustard leaves, yeast used in bread and beer, wheat rust-causing Puccinia, antibiotic source Penicillium. Habitat Cosmopolitan; found in air, water,

The fungi constitute a unique kingdom of heterotrophic organisms. Theyshow a great diversity in morphology and habitat. Read More »

Concept Map on Protista by Prof. Siddharth Sanghvi Sir for NEET

Concept Map on Protista by Prof. Siddharth Sanghvi Sir for NEET

Biological Classification, free, NCERT LINE BY LINE /

Responsive Table Characteristics of Unicellular Eukaryotes Unicellular eukaryotes Primarily aquatic Link between plants (Algae), fungi, and animals Well defined nucleus & membrane-bound organelle Mode of Nutrition – Photosynthetic (holophytic); holozoic Euglena – Mixotrophic Reproduction Asexual or vegetative – Budding, binary fission, multiple fission Sexual reproduction by cell fusion e.g. conjugation in paramecium Characteristics Diatoms Dinoflagellates

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Bacterial Diseases – For NEET

Bacterial Diseases – For NEET

Biological Classification, free, NCERT LINE BY LINE /

Disease Name Causative Bacteria Name Anthrax Bacillus anthracis Gonorrhea (STD) Neisseria gonorrhoeae Typhoid (Enteric) fever Salmonella typhi Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) Mycobacterium leprae Boils/Wound infections Staphylococcus aureus Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cholera Vibrio cholerae Diphtheria Corynebacterium diphtheriae Tetanus Clostridium tetani Botulism Clostridium botulinum Dysentery Shigella dysenteriae Syphilis (STD) Treponema pallidum Whooping cough (pertussis) Bordetella pertussis Gas Gangrene

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R.H. Whittaker (1969) proposed a Five Kingdom Classification. The kingdoms defined by him were named Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. The main criteria for classification used by him include cell structure, body organisation, mode of nutrition, phylogenetic relationships and reproduction

R.H. Whittaker (1969) proposed a Five Kingdom Classification. The kingdoms defined by him were named Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. The main criteria for classification used by him include cell structure, body organisation, mode of nutrition, phylogenetic relationships and reproduction

Biological Classification, free, NCERT LINE BY LINE, pre-class /

Kingdom Cell Type Cell Wall Nuclear Membrane Body Organization Mode of Nutrition Main Criteria Secondary Criteria Monera Prokaryotic Noncellulosic (Polysaccharide + amino acid) Absent Cellular Autotrophic (chemosynthetic and photosynthetic) and Heterotrophic (saprophytic/parasitic) Cell structure Body organization, Mode of nutrition Protista Eukaryotic Present in some Present Cellular Autotrophic (Photosynthetic) and Heterotrophic Cell structure, Nuclear membrane Mode

R.H. Whittaker (1969) proposed a Five Kingdom Classification. The kingdoms defined by him were named Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. The main criteria for classification used by him include cell structure, body organisation, mode of nutrition, phylogenetic relationships and reproduction Read More »

NCERT-As traditional breeding techniques failed to keep pace with demand and to provide sufficiently fast and efficient systems for crop improvement,another technology called tissue culture got developed

NCERT-As traditional breeding techniques failed to keep pace with demand and to provide sufficiently fast and efficient systems for crop improvement,another technology called tissue culture got developed

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Traditional Breeding Limitations and the Rise of Tissue Culture Traditional Breeding Limitations and the Rise of Tissue Culture Traditional breeding techniques, while instrumental in agricultural development, often struggle to keep pace with the growing demand for improved crops. To address these limitations, a revolutionary technology called tissue culture emerged in the 1950s. What is Tissue

NCERT-As traditional breeding techniques failed to keep pace with demand and to provide sufficiently fast and efficient systems for crop improvement,another technology called tissue culture got developed Read More »

Explanation of NCERT EXCERPT – on Sclerenchyma

Explanation of NCERT EXCERPT – on Sclerenchyma

Anatomy of Flowering Plants, free, NCERT LINE BY LINE, pre-class /

Sclerenchyma consists of long, narrow cells with thick and lignified cell walls having a few or numerous pits. They are usually dead and withoutprotoplasts. On the basis of variation in form, structure, origin and development, sclerenchyma may be either fibres or sclereids. General defination : Sclerechyma Cells: Parenchyma cells that have developed secondary cell walls.

Explanation of NCERT EXCERPT – on Sclerenchyma Read More »